A - Language Reference

Keywords

Keyword	Description
`fn`	Defines a function.
`pub`	Marks a function as publicly exported from the compiled WebAssembly module.
`return`	Returns a value from a function.
`let`	Declares a local variable.
`mut`	Makes a variable or function parameter mutable (reassignable).
`const`	Declares a compile-time constant.
`if`	Begins a conditional statement.
`else`	Defines the branch taken when an `if` condition is false.
`loop`	Begins an infinite or conditional loop.
`break`	Exits the innermost enclosing `loop`.
`true`	Boolean literal for the true value.
`false`	Boolean literal for the false value.
`struct`	Defines a user-defined type with named fields.
`impl`	Defines methods and associated functions for a type.
`self`	References the current instance in a method.
`enum`	Defines an enumeration type.
`type`	Defines a type alias.
`forall`	Non-deterministic block where all computation paths are reachable.
`exists`	Non-deterministic block where at least one computation path is reachable.
`assume`	Filters execution paths inside a non-deterministic block.
`unique`	Non-deterministic block where exactly one computation path is reachable.
`spec`	Specification block for formal verification.
`external`	Declares an external function.
`use`	Imports declarations from another module.
`module`	Declares a module.

Data Type	Description
`i8`	8-bit signed integer. Range: -128 to 127.
`i16`	16-bit signed integer. Range: -32,768 to 32,767.
`i32`	32-bit signed integer. Range: -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647.
`i64`	64-bit signed integer. Range: -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807.
`u8`	8-bit unsigned integer. Range: 0 to 255.
`u16`	16-bit unsigned integer. Range: 0 to 65,535.
`u32`	32-bit unsigned integer. Range: 0 to 4,294,967,295.
`u64`	64-bit unsigned integer. Range: 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615.
`bool`	Boolean type. Values: `true` or `false`.
`[T; N]`	Fixed-size array of `N` elements of type `T`. Both `T` and `N` must be known at compile time.
`struct`	User-defined type with named fields. Defined with `struct Name { field: Type; ... }`.
`enum`	Enumeration type with named variants. Defined with `enum Name { Variant1, Variant2, ... }`.

Note

Integer arithmetic wraps on overflow. For example, adding 1 to the maximum i32 value wraps around to the minimum i32 value.

Comparison operators evaluate to a bool value.

Note

Enum values support only == and !=. Ordering comparisons (<, <=, >, >=) require numeric types.

Logical operators work on bool values and produce a bool result.

Bitwise operators work on the binary representation of integer values.

Operator	Description	Example
`&`	Bitwise AND	`a & b`
`\|`	Bitwise OR	`a \| b`
`^`	Bitwise XOR	`a ^ b`
`~`	Bitwise NOT (unary complement)	`~a`
`<<`	Left shift	`a << b`
`>>`	Right shift	`a >> b`

Operator	Description	Example
`.`	Member access (field or method)	`point.x`, `counter.get()`
`::`	Type-associated access	`Point::new()`